An evaluation of United Nations Higher Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) supported livelihood programmes in Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study attempts to discuss issues of development by evaluating livelihood programmes supported by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Benue State, Nigeria. The persistent farmer–herder conflicts and protracted displacement in the state have created fragile social relations, weakened local economies, and heightened dependence on humanitarian assistance. Using a qualitative approach involving twenty (20) interviews and focus group discussions, the study assesses how UNHCR-supported livelihood interventions contribute to social cohesion, economic recovery, and conflict mitigation among internally displaced persons and host communities. Findings indicate that skills acquisition, microenterprise support and agricultural inputs enhance household income, reduce aid dependency, and foster intergroup cooperation. However, limited coverage, weak market linkages and inadequate community participation constrain sustainability and peacebuilding outcomes. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening community-driven programme design, integrating conflict-sensitive development planning, expanding access to finance and markets and enhancing collaboration between government agencies, traditional institutions, and development partners. It also emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring frameworks that link livelihood outcomes to peace indicators. By aligning livelihood support with inclusive development and local peace structures, UNHCR interventions can more effectively promote durable solutions, resilience and sustainable peace in conflict-affected communities of Benue State.