Refugee security and crises management in Etung and Ikom Local Areas, Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines refugee, security and crises management in Etung and Ikom Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria, with a focus on the challenges and responses associated with the presence of refugees and displaced populations in these border communities. Owing to their proximity to Cameroon and their role as transit and host areas, Etung and Ikom have experienced increasing inflows of refugees resulting from conflicts, political instability, and humanitarian emergencies in the sub-region. The study adopts a correlational research design. 396 respondents were selected through stratified random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Findings reveal that refugee influx has significant implications for human security, including pressures on social services, competition over land and livelihoods, and the risk of cross-border crime and communal tensions. The study further identifies gaps in coordination among security agencies, humanitarian organizations, and local authorities, which limit effective crisis response. Despite these challenges, existing interventions such as community-based policing, humanitarian assistance, and traditional conflict resolution mechanisms have contributed to mitigating tensions. The study concludes that sustainable refugee security in Etung and Ikom requires integrated policies that balance national security with human security concerns, strengthen institutional collaboration, and enhance community participation in crisis management. The paper recommends improved border management, increased humanitarian support, and inclusive governance frameworks to promote peace, stability and social cohesion in the affected areas.